Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

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Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) effective 4/20/23

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Record of Changes

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Basic - Explanation of Changes

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Change 1 Cover dtd 12/2/21

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Explanation of Changes

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Page Control Chart

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Checklist of Pages

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Section 1. Navigation Aids

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TBL 1-1-5
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TBL 1-1-6
1-1-18. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
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1-1-19. Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Landing System (GLS)
Page 78 -   PAGE
FIG 1-1-9
1-1-20. Precision Approach Systems other than ILS and GLS
Page 79 -   PAGE
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Section 2. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) and Area Navigation (RNAV)

Page 81 -   PAGE
1-2-1. General
FIG 1-2-1
Page 82 -   PAGE
FIG 1-2-2
Page 83 -   PAGE
FIG 1-2-3
FIG 1-2-4
Page 84 -   PAGE
FIG 1-2-5
FIG 1-2-6
Page 85 -   PAGE
1-2-2. Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
Page 86 -   PAGE
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Page 88 -   PAGE
TBL 1-2-1
1-2-3. Use of Suitable Area Navigation (RNAV) Systems on Conventional Procedures and
Page 89 -   PAGE
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1-2-4. Recognizing, Mitigating and Adapting to GPS Interference (Jamming or Spoofing)
Page 91 -   PAGE
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Section 1. Airport Lighting Aids

Page 93 -   PAGE
2-1-1. Approach Light Systems (ALS)
2-1-2. Visual Glideslope Indicators
Page 94 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-1
Page 95 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-2
FIG 2-1-3
FIG 2-1-4
Page 96 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-5
FIG 2-1-6
Page 97 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-7
FIG 2-1-8
Page 98 -   PAGE
2-1-3. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)
2-1-4. Runway Edge Light Systems
2-1-5. In-runway Lighting
Page 99 -   PAGE
2-1-6. Runway Status Light (RWSL) System
Page 100 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-9
Page 101 -   PAGE
2-1-7. Control of Lighting Systems
2-1-8. Pilot Control of Airport Lighting
Page 102 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-10
FIG 2-1-11
Page 103 -   PAGE
FIG 2-1-12
TBL 2-1-1
TBL 2-1-2
Page 104 -   PAGE
TBL 2-1-3
2-1-9. Airport/Heliport Beacons
Page 105 -   PAGE
2-1-10. Taxiway Lights
Page 106 -   PAGE

Section 2. Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting

Page 107 -   PAGE
2-2-1. Aeronautical Light Beacons
2-2-2. Code Beacons and Course Lights
2-2-3. Obstruction Lights
Page 108 -   PAGE
2-2-4. LED Lighting Systems

Section 3. Airport Marking Aids and Signs

Page 109 -   PAGE
2-3-1. General
2-3-2. Airport Pavement Markings
2-3-3. Runway Markings
TBL 2-3-1
Page 110 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-1
Page 111 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-2
TBL 2-3-2
Page 112 -   PAGE
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FIG 2-3-3
Page 114 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-4
Page 115 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-5
2-3-4. Taxiway Markings
Page 116 -   PAGE
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FIG 2-3-6
Page 118 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-7
Page 119 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-8
FIG 2-3-9
Page 120 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-10
Page 121 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-11
Page 122 -   PAGE
2-3-5. Holding Position Markings
Page 123 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-12
Page 124 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-13
Page 125 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-14
Page 126 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-15
Page 127 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-16
2-3-6. Other Markings
Page 128 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-17
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FIG 2-3-18
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FIG 2-3-19
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FIG 2-3-20
FIG 2-3-21
FIG 2-3-22
Page 132 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-23
2-3-7. Airport Signs
Page 133 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-24
FIG 2-3-25
2-3-8. Mandatory Instruction Signs
Page 134 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-26
FIG 2-3-27
Page 135 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-28
FIG 2-3-29
Page 136 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-30
FIG 2-3-31
2-3-9. Location Signs
Page 137 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-32
FIG 2-3-33
Page 138 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-34
2-3-10. Direction Signs
Page 139 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-35
FIG 2-3-36
Page 140 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-37
FIG 2-3-38
Page 141 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-39
2-3-11. Destination Signs
FIG 2-3-40
2-3-12. Information Signs
Page 142 -   PAGE
2-3-13. Runway Distance Remaining Signs
FIG 2-3-41
2-3-14. Aircraft Arresting Systems
Page 143 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-42
2-3-15. Security Identification Display Area (SIDA)
Page 144 -   PAGE
FIG 2-3-43

Section 1. General

Page 145 -   PAGE
3-1-1. General
3-1-2. General Dimensions of Airspace Segments
3-1-3. Hierarchy of Overlapping Airspace Designations
Page 146 -   PAGE
3-1-4. Basic VFR Weather Minimums
TBL 3-1-1
Page 147 -   PAGE
3-1-5. VFR Cruising Altitudes and Flight Levels
TBL 3-1-2
Page 148 -   PAGE

Section 2. Controlled Airspace

Page 149 -   PAGE
3-2-1. General
FIG 3-2-1
Page 150 -   PAGE
3-2-2. Class A Airspace
3-2-3. Class B Airspace
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3-2-4. Class C Airspace
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TBL 3-2-1
Page 156 -   PAGE
3-2-5. Class D Airspace
Page 157 -   PAGE
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3-2-6. Class E Airspace
Page 159 -   PAGE
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Section 3. Class G Airspace

Page 161 -   PAGE
3-3-1. General
3-3-2. VFR Requirements
3-3-3. IFR Requirements
TBL 3-3-1
Page 162 -   PAGE

Section 4. Special Use Airspace

Page 163 -   PAGE
3-4-1. General
3-4-2. Prohibited Areas
3-4-3. Restricted Areas
Page 164 -   PAGE
3-4-4. Warning Areas
3-4-5. Military Operations Areas
3-4-6. Alert Areas
3-4-7. Controlled Firing Areas
Page 165 -   PAGE
3-4-8. National Security Areas
3-4-9. Obtaining Special Use Airspace Status
Page 166 -   PAGE

Section 5. Other Airspace Areas

Page 167 -   PAGE
3-5-1. Airport Advisory/Information Services
3-5-2. Military Training Routes
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3-5-3. Temporary Flight Restrictions
Page 170 -   PAGE
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3-5-4. Parachute Jump Aircraft Operations
3-5-5. Published VFR Routes
Page 172 -   PAGE
FIG 3-5-1
Page 173 -   PAGE
FIG 3-5-2
Page 174 -   PAGE
FIG 3-5-3
Page 175 -   PAGE
3-5-6. Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
3-5-7. Special Air Traffic Rules (SATR) and Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)
Page 176 -   PAGE
FIG 3-5-4
3-5-8. Washington, DC, Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA) including the Flight Restricted
3-5-9. Weather Reconnaissance Area (WRA)
3-5-10. Other Non-Charted Airspace Areas
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Section 1. Services Available to Pilots

Page 179 -   PAGE
4-1-1. Air Route Traffic Control Centers
4-1-2. Control Towers
4-1-3. Flight Service Stations
4-1-4. Recording and Monitoring
4-1-5. Communications Release of IFR Aircraft Landing at an Airport Without an Operating
4-1-6. Pilot Visits to Air Traffic Facilities
Page 180 -   PAGE
4-1-7. Operation Rain Check
4-1-8. Approach Control Service for VFR Arriving Aircraft
4-1-9. Traffic Advisory Practices at Airports Without Operating Control Towers
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TBL 4-1-1
Page 183 -   PAGE
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4-1-10. IFR Approaches/Ground Vehicle Operations
Page 186 -   PAGE
4-1-11. Designated UNICOM/MULTICOM Frequencies
TBL 4-1-2
Page 187 -   PAGE
TBL 4-1-3
4-1-12. Use of UNICOM for ATC Purposes
4-1-13. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
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4-1-14. Automatic Flight Information Service (AFIS) - Alaska FSSs Only
Page 189 -   PAGE
4-1-15. Radar Traffic Information Service
Page 190 -   PAGE
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FIG 4-1-1
FIG 4-1-2
4-1-16. Safety Alert
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4-1-17. Radar Assistance to VFR Aircraft
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4-1-18. Terminal Radar Services for VFR Aircraft
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4-1-19. Tower En Route Control (TEC)
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4-1-20. Transponder and ADS-B Out Operation
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4-1-21. Airport Reservation Operations and Special Traffic Management Programs
4-1-22. Requests for Waivers and Authorizations from Title 14, Code of Federal
Page 201 -   PAGE
4-1-23. Weather Systems Processor
Page 202 -   PAGE

Section 2. Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques

Page 203 -   PAGE
4-2-1. General
4-2-2. Radio Technique
Page 204 -   PAGE
4-2-3. Contact Procedures
Page 205 -   PAGE
4-2-4. Aircraft Call Signs
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4-2-5. Description of Interchange or Leased Aircraft
4-2-6. Ground Station Call Signs
TBL 4-2-1
Page 208 -   PAGE
4-2-7. Phonetic Alphabet
TBL 4-2-2
Page 209 -   PAGE
4-2-8. Figures
4-2-9. Altitudes and Flight Levels
4-2-10. Directions
Page 210 -   PAGE
4-2-11. Speeds
4-2-12. Time
TBL 4-2-3
Page 211 -   PAGE
4-2-13. Communications with Tower when Aircraft Transmitter or Receiver or Both are
4-2-14. Communications for VFR Flights
Page 212 -   PAGE

Section 3. Airport Operations

Page 213 -   PAGE
4-3-1. General
4-3-2. Airports with an Operating Control Tower
FIG 4-3-1
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4-3-3. Traffic Patterns
Page 216 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-2
Page 217 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-3
Page 218 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-4
4-3-4. Visual Indicators at Airports Without an Operating Control Tower
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4-3-5. Unexpected Maneuvers in the Airport Traffic Pattern
Page 220 -   PAGE
4-3-6. Use of Runways/Declared Distances
Page 221 -   PAGE
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FIG 4-3-5
Page 224 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-6
4-3-7. Low Level Wind Shear/Microburst Detection Systems
Page 225 -   PAGE
4-3-8. Braking Action Reports and Advisories
4-3-9. Runway Condition Reports
Page 226 -   PAGE
Page 227 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-7
4-3-10. Intersection Takeoffs
Page 228 -   PAGE
4-3-11. Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)
Page 229 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-8
Page 230 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-9
FIG 4-3-10
Page 231 -   PAGE
4-3-12. Low Approach
4-3-13. Traffic Control Light Signals
Page 232 -   PAGE
TBL 4-3-1
4-3-14. Communications
Page 233 -   PAGE
4-3-15. Gate Holding Due to Departure Delays
4-3-16. VFR Flights in Terminal Areas
4-3-17. VFR Helicopter Operations at Controlled Airports
Page 234 -   PAGE
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4-3-18. Taxiing
Page 236 -   PAGE
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4-3-19. Taxi During Low Visibility
Page 238 -   PAGE
4-3-20. Exiting the Runway After Landing
4-3-21. Practice Instrument Approaches
Page 239 -   PAGE
4-3-22. Option Approach
Page 240 -   PAGE
4-3-23. Use of Aircraft Lights
Page 241 -   PAGE
4-3-24. Flight Inspection/"Flight Check" Aircraft in Terminal Areas
4-3-25. Hand Signals
FIG 4-3-11
Page 242 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-12
FIG 4-3-13
Page 243 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-14
FIG 4-3-15
Page 244 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-16
FIG 4-3-17
Page 245 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-18
FIG 4-3-19
Page 246 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-20
FIG 4-3-21
Page 247 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-22
FIG 4-3-23
Page 248 -   PAGE
FIG 4-3-24
4-3-26. Operations at Uncontrolled Airports With Automated Surface Observing System

Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation

Page 249 -   PAGE
4-4-1. Clearance
4-4-2. Clearance Prefix
4-4-3. Clearance Items
Page 250 -   PAGE
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4-4-4. Amended Clearances
4-4-5. Coded Departure Route (CDR)
4-4-6. Special VFR Clearances
Page 252 -   PAGE
4-4-7. Pilot Responsibility upon Clearance Issuance
Page 253 -   PAGE
4-4-8. IFR Clearance VFR-on-top
Page 254 -   PAGE
4-4-9. VFR/IFR Flights
4-4-10. Adherence to Clearance
Page 255 -   PAGE
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4-4-11. IFR Separation Standards
4-4-12. Speed Adjustments
Page 257 -   PAGE
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4-4-13. Runway Separation
4-4-14. Visual Separation
Page 260 -   PAGE
4-4-15. Use of Visual Clearing Procedures and Scanning Techniques
Page 261 -   PAGE
4-4-16. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS I & II)
Page 262 -   PAGE
4-4-17. Traffic Information Service (TIS)

Section 5. Surveillance Systems

Page 263 -   PAGE
4-5-1. Radar
FIG 4-5-1
Page 264 -   PAGE
FIG 4-5-2
Page 265 -   PAGE
4-5-2. Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)
Page 266 -   PAGE
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FIG 4-5-3
Page 268 -   PAGE
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FIG 4-5-4
Page 271 -   PAGE
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4-5-3. Surveillance Radar
4-5-4. Precision Approach Radar (PAR)
4-5-5. Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-X)/Airport Surface Surveillance
Page 273 -   PAGE
TBL 4-5-1
Page 274 -   PAGE
TBL 4-5-2
4-5-6. Traffic Information Service (TIS)
FIG 4-5-5
Page 275 -   PAGE
FIG 4-5-6
Page 276 -   PAGE
FIG 4-5-7
Page 277 -   PAGE
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4-5-7. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Services
Page 281 -   PAGE
FIG 4-5-8
Page 282 -   PAGE
FIG 4-5-9
FIG 4-5-10
Page 283 -   PAGE
Page 284 -   PAGE
Page 285 -   PAGE
4-5-8. Traffic Information Service- Broadcast (TIS-B)
Page 286 -   PAGE
4-5-9. Flight Information Service- Broadcast (FIS-B)
Page 287 -   PAGE
Page 288 -   PAGE
TBL 4-5-3
Page 289 -   PAGE
4-5-10. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Rebroadcast (ADS-R)
Page 290 -   PAGE

Section 6. Operational Policy/Procedures for Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) in the Domestic U.S., Alaska, Offs...

Page 291 -   PAGE
4-6-1. Applicability and RVSM Mandate (Date/Time and Area)
4-6-2. Flight Level Orientation Scheme
Page 292 -   PAGE
FIG 4-6-1
4-6-3. Aircraft and Operator Approval Policy/Procedures, RVSM Monitoring and Databases
Page 293 -   PAGE
4-6-4. Flight Planning into RVSM Airspace
Page 294 -   PAGE
4-6-5. Pilot RVSM Operating Practices and Procedures
4-6-6. Guidance on Severe Turbulence and Mountain Wave Activity (MWA)
Page 295 -   PAGE
Page 296 -   PAGE
4-6-7. Guidance on Wake Turbulence
4-6-8. Pilot/Controller Phraseology
Page 297 -   PAGE
TBL 4-6-1
4-6-9. Contingency Actions: Weather Encounters and Aircraft System Failures that Occur
Page 298 -   PAGE
TBL 4-6-2
Page 299 -   PAGE
4-6-10. Procedures for Accommodation of Non-RVSM Aircraft
Page 300 -   PAGE
4-6-11. Non-RVSM Aircraft Requesting Climb to and Descent from Flight Levels Above

Section 7. Operational Policy/Procedures for the Gulf of Mexico 50 NM Lateral Separation Initiative

Page 301 -   PAGE
4-7-1. Introduction and General Policies
4-7-2. Accommodating Non-RNP 10 Aircraft
4-7-3. Obtaining RNP 10 or RNP 4 Operational Authorization
Page 302 -   PAGE
4-7-4. Authority for Operations with a Single Long-Range Navigation System
4-7-5. Flight Plan Requirements
4-7-6. Contingency Procedures

Section 1. Preflight

Page 303 -   PAGE
5-1-1. Preflight Preparation
Page 304 -   PAGE
5-1-2. Follow IFR Procedures Even When Operating VFR
Page 305 -   PAGE
5-1-3. Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) System
Page 306 -   PAGE
Page 307 -   PAGE
Page 308 -   PAGE
TBL 5-1-1
Page 309 -   PAGE
TBL 5-1-2
Page 310 -   PAGE
Page 311 -   PAGE
5-1-4. Operational Information System (OIS)
Page 312 -   PAGE
5-1-5. Flight Plan - VFR Flights
Page 313 -   PAGE
5-1-6. Flight Plan - IFR Flights
Page 314 -   PAGE
Page 315 -   PAGE
Page 316 -   PAGE
Page 317 -   PAGE
5-1-7. Flight Plans For Military/DoD Use Only
5-1-8. Flight Plan " Defense VFR (DVFR) Flights
Page 318 -   PAGE
5-1-9. Single Flights Conducted With Both VFR and IFR Flight Plans
5-1-10. IFR Operations to High Altitude Destinations
Page 319 -   PAGE
5-1-11. Flights Outside U.S. Territorial Airspace
Page 320 -   PAGE
5-1-12. Change in Flight Plan
5-1-13. Change in Proposed Departure Time
5-1-14. Closing VFR/DVFR Flight Plans
5-1-15. Canceling IFR Flight Plan
Page 321 -   PAGE
5-1-16. RNAV and RNP Operations
Page 322 -   PAGE
5-1-17. Cold Temperature Operations

Section 2. Departure Procedures

Page 323 -   PAGE
5-2-1. Pre-taxi Clearance Procedures
5-2-2. Automated Pre-Departure Clearance Procedures
Page 324 -   PAGE
5-2-3. IFR Clearances Off Uncontrolled Airports
5-2-4. Taxi Clearance
5-2-5. Line Up and Wait (LUAW)
Page 325 -   PAGE
5-2-6. Abbreviated IFR Departure Clearance (Cleared.as Filed) Procedures
Page 326 -   PAGE
Page 327 -   PAGE
5-2-7. Departure Restrictions, Clearance Void Times, Hold for Release, and Release Times
Page 328 -   PAGE
5-2-8. Departure Control
Page 329 -   PAGE
5-2-9. Instrument Departure Procedures (DP) - Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP),
Page 330 -   PAGE
Page 331 -   PAGE
FIG 5-2-1
Page 332 -   PAGE
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Page 335 -   PAGE
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Page 337 -   PAGE
Page 338 -   PAGE

Section 3. En Route Procedures

Page 339 -   PAGE
5-3-1. ARTCC Communications
Page 340 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-1
TBL 5-3-2
Page 341 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-3
TBL 5-3-4
Page 342 -   PAGE
Page 343 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-5
Page 344 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-6
TBL 5-3-7
Page 345 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-8
TBL 5-3-9
TBL 5-3-10
Page 346 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-11
TBL 5-3-12
Page 347 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-13
TBL 5-3-14
TBL 5-3-15
Page 348 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-16
Page 349 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-17
TBL 5-3-18
Page 350 -   PAGE
TBL 5-3-19
Page 351 -   PAGE
5-3-2. Position Reporting
Page 352 -   PAGE
Page 353 -   PAGE
5-3-3. Additional Reports
Page 354 -   PAGE
5-3-4. Airways and Route Systems
Page 355 -   PAGE
Page 356 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-1
5-3-5. Airway or Route Course Changes
Page 357 -   PAGE
5-3-6. Changeover Points (COPs)
5-3-7. Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA)
Page 358 -   PAGE
5-3-8. Holding
Page 359 -   PAGE
Page 360 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-2
Page 361 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-3
TBL 5-3-20
Page 362 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-4
Page 363 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-5
FIG 5-3-6
Page 364 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-7
Page 365 -   PAGE
FIG 5-3-8
FIG 5-3-9
Page 366 -   PAGE
Page 367 -   PAGE
Page 368 -   PAGE

Section 4. Arrival Procedures

Page 369 -   PAGE
5-4-1. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Procedures
Page 370 -   PAGE
Page 371 -   PAGE
5-4-2. Local Flow Traffic Management Program
5-4-3. Approach Control
Page 372 -   PAGE
5-4-4. Advance Information on Instrument Approach
Page 373 -   PAGE
5-4-5. Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts
Page 374 -   PAGE
Page 375 -   PAGE
Page 376 -   PAGE
Page 377 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-1
Page 378 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-2
FIG 5-4-3
Page 379 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-4
Page 380 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-5
Page 381 -   PAGE
Page 382 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-6
Page 383 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-7
Page 384 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-8
FIG 5-4-9
Page 385 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-10
Page 386 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-11
Page 387 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-12
FIG 5-4-13
Page 388 -   PAGE
Page 389 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-14
Page 390 -   PAGE
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Page 395 -   PAGE
5-4-6. Approach Clearance
Page 396 -   PAGE
Page 397 -   PAGE
5-4-7. Instrument Approach Procedures
Page 398 -   PAGE
Page 399 -   PAGE
5-4-8. Special Instrument Approach Procedures
5-4-9. Procedure Turn and Hold-in-lieu of Procedure Turn
Page 400 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-15
FIG 5-4-16
Page 401 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-17
FIG 5-4-18
Page 402 -   PAGE
5-4-10. Timed Approaches from a Holding Fix
Page 403 -   PAGE
Page 404 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-19
Page 405 -   PAGE
5-4-11. Radar Approaches
Page 406 -   PAGE
5-4-12. Radar Monitoring of Instrument Approaches
Page 407 -   PAGE
5-4-13. Simultaneous Approaches to Parallel Runways
FIG 5-4-20
Page 408 -   PAGE
Page 409 -   PAGE
5-4-14. Simultaneous Dependent Approaches
FIG 5-4-21
Page 410 -   PAGE
Page 411 -   PAGE
5-4-15. Simultaneous Independent ILS/RNAV/GLS Approaches
FIG 5-4-22
Page 412 -   PAGE
Page 413 -   PAGE
5-4-16. Simultaneous Close Parallel PRM Approaches and Simultaneous Offset Instrument
FIG 5-4-23
Page 414 -   PAGE
Page 415 -   PAGE
Page 416 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-24
Page 417 -   PAGE
Page 418 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-25
Page 419 -   PAGE
Page 420 -   PAGE
5-4-17. Simultaneous Converging Instrument Approaches
5-4-18. RNP AR (Authorization Required) Instrument Procedures
Page 421 -   PAGE
Page 422 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-26
5-4-19. Side-step Maneuver
5-4-20. Approach and Landing Minimums
Page 423 -   PAGE
TBL 5-4-1
FIG 5-4-27
Page 424 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-28
Page 425 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-29
Page 426 -   PAGE
5-4-21. Missed Approach
Page 427 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-30
Page 428 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-31
5-4-22. Use of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) on Instrument Approaches
Page 429 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-32
Page 430 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-33
Page 431 -   PAGE
Page 432 -   PAGE
5-4-23. Visual Approach
Page 433 -   PAGE
5-4-24. Charted Visual Flight Procedure (CVFP)
5-4-25. Contact Approach
Page 434 -   PAGE
5-4-26. Landing Priority
5-4-27. Overhead Approach Maneuver
Page 435 -   PAGE
FIG 5-4-34
Page 436 -   PAGE

Section 5. Pilot/Controller Roles and Responsibilities

Page 437 -   PAGE
5-5-1. General
5-5-2. Air Traffic Clearance
Page 438 -   PAGE
5-5-3. Contact Approach
5-5-4. Instrument Approach
Page 439 -   PAGE
5-5-5. Missed Approach
Page 440 -   PAGE
5-5-6. Vectors
5-5-7. Safety Alert
Page 441 -   PAGE
5-5-8. See and Avoid
5-5-9. Speed Adjustments
Page 442 -   PAGE
5-5-10. Traffic Advisories (Traffic Information)
5-5-11. Visual Approach
Page 443 -   PAGE
5-5-12. Visual Separation
Page 444 -   PAGE
5-5-13. VFR-on-top
5-5-14. Instrument Departures
Page 445 -   PAGE
5-5-15. Minimum Fuel Advisory
5-5-16. RNAV and RNP Operations
Page 446 -   PAGE

Section 6. National Security and Interception Procedures

Page 447 -   PAGE
5-6-1. National Security
5-6-2. National Security Requirements
5-6-3. Definitions
Page 448 -   PAGE
5-6-4. ADIZ Requirements
Page 449 -   PAGE
Page 450 -   PAGE
5-6-5. Civil Aircraft Operations To or From U.S. Territorial Airspace
5-6-6. Civil Aircraft Operations Within U.S. Territorial Airspace
Page 451 -   PAGE
5-6-7. Civil Aircraft Operations Transiting U.S. Territorial Airspace
Page 452 -   PAGE
5-6-8. Foreign State Aircraft Operations
Page 453 -   PAGE
Page 454 -   PAGE
5-6-9. FAA/TSA Airspace Waivers
5-6-10. TSA Aviation Security Programs
5-6-11. FAA Flight Routing Authorizations
5-6-12. Emergency Security Control of Air Traffic (ESCAT)
Page 455 -   PAGE
5-6-13. Interception Procedures
Page 456 -   PAGE
FIG 5-6-1
Page 457 -   PAGE
FIG 5-6-2
5-6-14. Interception Signals
Page 458 -   PAGE
TBL 5-6-1
Page 459 -   PAGE
TBL 5-6-2
Page 460 -   PAGE
FIG 5-6-3
5-6-15. ADIZ Boundaries and Designated Mountainous Areas (See FIG 5-6-3.)
Page 461 -   PAGE
5-6-16. Visual Warning System (VWS)
Page 462 -   PAGE

Section 1. General

Page 463 -   PAGE
6-1-1. Pilot Responsibility and Authority
6-1-2. Emergency Condition- Request Assistance Immediately
Page 464 -   PAGE

Section 2. Emergency Services Available to Pilots

Page 465 -   PAGE
6-2-1. Radar Service for VFR Aircraft in Difficulty
6-2-2. Transponder Emergency Operation
6-2-3. Intercept and Escort
Page 466 -   PAGE
6-2-4. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
Page 467 -   PAGE
Page 468 -   PAGE
6-2-5. FAA K-9 Explosives Detection Team Program
TBL 6-2-1
6-2-6. Search and Rescue
Page 469 -   PAGE
TBL 6-2-2
TBL 6-2-3
TBL 6-2-4
Page 470 -   PAGE
TBL 6-2-5
Page 471 -   PAGE
Page 472 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-1
FIG 6-2-2
Page 473 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-3
FIG 6-2-4
Page 474 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-5
FIG 6-2-6
Page 475 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-7
FIG 6-2-8
Page 476 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-9
FIG 6-2-10
Page 477 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-11
FIG 6-2-12
Page 478 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-13
FIG 6-2-14
Page 479 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-15
FIG 6-2-16
Page 480 -   PAGE
FIG 6-2-17

Section 3. Distress and Urgency Procedures

Page 481 -   PAGE
6-3-1. Distress and Urgency Communications
6-3-2. Obtaining Emergency Assistance
Page 482 -   PAGE
Page 483 -   PAGE
6-3-3. Ditching Procedures
FIG 6-3-1
FIG 6-3-2
Page 484 -   PAGE
FIG 6-3-3
FIG 6-3-4
Page 485 -   PAGE
FIG 6-3-5
Page 486 -   PAGE
Page 487 -   PAGE
6-3-4. Special Emergency (Air Piracy)
Page 488 -   PAGE
6-3-5. Fuel Dumping

Section 4. Two‐way Radio Communications Failure

Page 489 -   PAGE
6-4-1. Two-way Radio Communications Failure
Page 490 -   PAGE
6-4-2. Transponder Operation During Two-way Communications Failure
6-4-3. Reestablishing Radio Contact
Page 491 -   PAGE
Page 492 -   PAGE

Section 5. Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Communications

Page 493 -   PAGE
6-5-1. Discrete Emergency Frequency
6-5-2. Radio Call Signs
6-5-3. ARFF Emergency Hand Signals
FIG 6-5-1
Page 494 -   PAGE
FIG 6-5-2
FIG 6-5-3

Section 1. Meteorology

Page 495 -   PAGE
7-1-1. National Weather Service Aviation Weather Service Program
Page 496 -   PAGE
7-1-2. FAA Weather Services
TBL 7-1-1
Page 497 -   PAGE
7-1-3. Use of Aviation Weather Products
Page 498 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-1
Page 499 -   PAGE
Page 500 -   PAGE
7-1-4. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
Page 501 -   PAGE
Page 502 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-2
FIG 7-1-3
7-1-5. Preflight Briefing
Page 503 -   PAGE
Page 504 -   PAGE
Page 505 -   PAGE
7-1-6. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories
Page 506 -   PAGE
Page 507 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-4
Page 508 -   PAGE
Page 509 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-5
FIG 7-1-6
Page 510 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-2
Page 511 -   PAGE
Page 512 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-7
Page 513 -   PAGE
Page 514 -   PAGE
Page 515 -   PAGE
Page 516 -   PAGE
7-1-7. Categorical Outlooks
7-1-8. Inflight Weather Advisory Broadcasts
Page 517 -   PAGE
7-1-9. Flight Information Services (FIS)
Page 518 -   PAGE
Page 519 -   PAGE
Page 520 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-3
Page 521 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-4
7-1-10. Weather Observing Programs
Page 522 -   PAGE
Page 523 -   PAGE
Page 524 -   PAGE
Page 525 -   PAGE
Page 526 -   PAGE
Page 527 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-8
Page 528 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-9
Page 529 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-5
Page 530 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-6
7-1-11. Weather Radar Services
Page 531 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-10
Page 532 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-11
Page 533 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-12
Page 534 -   PAGE
7-1-12. ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance
Page 535 -   PAGE
Page 536 -   PAGE
7-1-13. Runway Visual Range (RVR)
TBL 7-1-7
Page 537 -   PAGE
7-1-14. Reporting of Cloud Heights
Page 538 -   PAGE
7-1-15. Reporting Prevailing Visibility
7-1-16. Estimating Intensity of Rain and Ice Pellets
7-1-17. Estimating Intensity of Snow or Drizzle (Based on Visibility)
7-1-18. Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)
Page 539 -   PAGE
Page 540 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-8
7-1-19. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing
Page 541 -   PAGE
7-1-20. Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms
TBL 7-1-9
Page 542 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-10
7-1-21. PIREPs Relating to Turbulence
Page 543 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-11
7-1-22. Wind Shear PIREPs
Page 544 -   PAGE
7-1-23. Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) PIREPs
7-1-24. Microbursts
Page 545 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-13
Page 546 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-14
Page 547 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-15
Page 548 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-16
Page 549 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-17
Page 550 -   PAGE
Page 551 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-18
Page 552 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-19
Page 553 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-20
Page 554 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-21
Page 555 -   PAGE
TBL 7-1-12
7-1-25. PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash Activity
Page 556 -   PAGE
7-1-26. Thunderstorms
7-1-27. Thunderstorm Flying
Page 557 -   PAGE
Page 558 -   PAGE
Page 559 -   PAGE
7-1-28. Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
FIG 7-1-22
Page 560 -   PAGE
FIG 7-1-23
Page 561 -   PAGE
7-1-29. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats
Page 562 -   PAGE
Page 563 -   PAGE
Page 564 -   PAGE
Page 565 -   PAGE
Page 566 -   PAGE
Page 567 -   PAGE
Page 568 -   PAGE
Page 569 -   PAGE
Page 570 -   PAGE
Page 571 -   PAGE
Page 572 -   PAGE

Section 2. Barometric Altimeter Errors and Setting Procedures

Page 573 -   PAGE
7-2-1. General
7-2-2. Barometric Pressure Altimeter Errors
7-2-3. Altimeter Errors
Page 574 -   PAGE
Page 575 -   PAGE
TBL 7-2-1
TBL 7-2-2
Page 576 -   PAGE

Section 3. Cold Temperature Barometric Altimeter Errors, Setting Procedures and Cold Temperature Airports (CTA)

Page 577 -   PAGE
7-3-1. Effect of Cold Temperature on Barometric Altimeters
TBL 7-3-1
7-3-2. Pre-Flight Planning for Cold Temperature Altimeter Errors
7-3-3. Effects of Cold Temperature on Baro-Vertical Navigation (VNAV) Vertical Guidance
Page 578 -   PAGE
7-3-4. Cold Temperature Airports (CTA)
Page 579 -   PAGE
7-3-5. Cold Temperature Airport Procedures
Page 580 -   PAGE
Page 581 -   PAGE
FIG 7-3-1
Page 582 -   PAGE
7-3-6. Examples for Calculating Altitude Corrections on CTAs
Page 583 -   PAGE
Page 584 -   PAGE
FIG 7-3-2

Section 4. Wake Turbulence

Page 585 -   PAGE
7-4-1. General
7-4-2. Vortex Generation
FIG 7-4-1
7-4-3. Vortex Strength
Page 586 -   PAGE
FIG 7-4-2
7-4-4. Vortex Behavior
Page 587 -   PAGE
FIG 7-4-3
FIG 7-4-4
FIG 7-4-5
Page 588 -   PAGE
FIG 7-4-6
Page 589 -   PAGE
FIG 7-4-7
7-4-5. Operations Problem Areas
Page 590 -   PAGE
7-4-6. Vortex Avoidance Procedures
7-4-7. Helicopters
Page 591 -   PAGE
7-4-8. Pilot Responsibility
Page 592 -   PAGE
7-4-9. Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations
Page 593 -   PAGE
7-4-10. Development and New Capabilities
Page 594 -   PAGE

Section 5. Bird Hazards and Flight Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests

Page 595 -   PAGE
7-5-1. Migratory Bird Activity
7-5-2. Reducing Bird Strike Risks
7-5-3. Reporting Bird Strikes
7-5-4. Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities
Page 596 -   PAGE
7-5-5. Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards
7-5-6. Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas

Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards

Page 597 -   PAGE
7-6-1. Accident Cause Factors
7-6-2. Reporting Radio/Radar Altimeter Anomalies
Page 598 -   PAGE
7-6-3. VFR in Congested Areas
7-6-4. Obstructions To Flight
Page 599 -   PAGE
7-6-5. Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons
7-6-6. Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Page 600 -   PAGE
7-6-7. Mountain Flying
Page 601 -   PAGE
Page 602 -   PAGE
7-6-8. Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports
Page 603 -   PAGE
FIG 7-6-1
7-6-9. Seaplane Safety
Page 604 -   PAGE
TBL 7-6-1
Page 605 -   PAGE
7-6-10. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash
Page 606 -   PAGE
7-6-11. Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft
7-6-12. Precipitation Static
Page 607 -   PAGE
7-6-13. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser) Operations and
Page 608 -   PAGE
7-6-14. Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions
Page 609 -   PAGE
Page 610 -   PAGE
Page 611 -   PAGE
7-6-15. Operations in Ground Icing Conditions
Page 612 -   PAGE
7-6-16. Avoid Flight in the Vicinity of Exhaust Plumes (Smoke Stacks and Cooling Towers)
Page 613 -   PAGE
FIG 7-6-2
7-6-17. Space Launch and Reentry Area
FIG 7-6-3
Page 614 -   PAGE

Section 7. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports

Page 615 -   PAGE
7-7-1. Aviation Safety Reporting Program
7-7-2. Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting
Page 616 -   PAGE
Page 617 -   PAGE
7-7-3. Near Midair Collision Reporting
7-7-4. Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports
Page 618 -   PAGE
7-7-5. Safety Alerts For Operators (SAFO) and Information For Operators (InFO)

Section 1. Fitness for Flight

Page 619 -   PAGE
8-1-1. Fitness For Flight
Page 620 -   PAGE
Page 621 -   PAGE
8-1-2. Effects of Altitude
Page 622 -   PAGE
Page 623 -   PAGE
8-1-3. Hyperventilation in Flight
8-1-4. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Flight
8-1-5. Illusions in Flight
Page 624 -   PAGE
Page 625 -   PAGE
8-1-6. Vision in Flight
Page 626 -   PAGE
8-1-7. Aerobatic Flight
Page 627 -   PAGE
8-1-8. Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance
Page 628 -   PAGE

Section 1. Types of Charts Available

Page 629 -   PAGE
9-1-1. General
9-1-2. Obtaining Aeronautical Charts
9-1-3. Selected Charts and Products Available
9-1-4. General Description of Each Chart Series
Page 630 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-1
FIG 9-1-2
Page 631 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-3
Page 632 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-4
Page 633 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-5
FIG 9-1-6
Page 634 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-7
FIG 9-1-8
Page 635 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-9
Page 636 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-10
FIG 9-1-11
Page 637 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-12
Page 638 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-13
Page 639 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-14
Page 640 -   PAGE
FIG 9-1-15
Page 641 -   PAGE
9-1-5. Where and How to Get Charts of Foreign Areas
Page 642 -   PAGE

Section 1. Helicopter IFR Operations

Page 643 -   PAGE
10-1-1. Helicopter Flight Control Systems
Page 644 -   PAGE
10-1-2. Helicopter Instrument Approaches
Page 645 -   PAGE
Page 646 -   PAGE
TBL 10-1-1
10-1-3. Helicopter Approach Procedures to VFR Heliports
Page 647 -   PAGE
10-1-4. The Gulf of Mexico Grid System
Page 648 -   PAGE
Page 649 -   PAGE
10-1-5. Departure Procedures
Page 650 -   PAGE
FIG 10-1-1

Section 2. Special Operations

Page 651 -   PAGE
10-2-1. Offshore Helicopter Operations
Page 652 -   PAGE
Page 653 -   PAGE
Page 654 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-1
Page 655 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-2
Page 656 -   PAGE
TBL 10-2-1
Page 657 -   PAGE
Page 658 -   PAGE
10-2-2. Helicopter Night VFR Operations
Page 659 -   PAGE
Page 660 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-3
Page 661 -   PAGE
TBL 10-2-2
Page 662 -   PAGE
10-2-3. Landing Zone Safety
FIG 10-2-4
Page 663 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-5
FIG 10-2-6
Page 664 -   PAGE
Page 665 -   PAGE
TBL 10-2-3
Page 666 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-7
Page 667 -   PAGE
Page 668 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-8
10-2-4. Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Multiple Helicopter Operations
Page 669 -   PAGE
Page 670 -   PAGE
FIG 10-2-9

Section 1. General

Page 671 -   PAGE
11-1-1. General
11-1-2. Access to the National Airspace System (NAS) for UAS Operators
Page 672 -   PAGE

Section 2. Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)

Page 673 -   PAGE
11-2-1. Part 107 sUAS and Recreational Flyers
11-2-2. Registration Requirements
Page 674 -   PAGE
Page 675 -   PAGE
Page 676 -   PAGE

Section 3. Large UAS (MGOW 55 Pounds or More)

Page 677 -   PAGE
11-3-1. Large Public UAS Operations
Page 678 -   PAGE
FIG 11-3-1
Page 679 -   PAGE
Page 680 -   PAGE
FIG 11-3-2
11-3-2. Exemptions Under 49 USC 44807, Special Authority for Certain Unmanned
Page 681 -   PAGE
11-3-3. Emerging Large UAS Civil Operations
Page 682 -   PAGE
FIG 11-3-3

Section 4. Airspace Access for UAS

Page 683 -   PAGE
11-4-1. Recreational Flyers
11-4-2. 14 CFR Part 107 and Waivers to 14 CFR Part 107
Page 684 -   PAGE
11-4-3. Airspace Access for Public Aircraft Operations (PAOs)
Page 685 -   PAGE
11-4-4. 14 CFR Part 89 Remote Identification and FAA-Recognized Identification Areas
Page 686 -   PAGE
FIG 11-4-1
11-4-5. Airspace Access for 14 CFR Part 135 and 14 CFR Part 137
Page 687 -   PAGE
Page 688 -   PAGE
11-4-6. Airspace Restrictions To Flight
Page 689 -   PAGE
Page 690 -   PAGE
11-4-7. UAS Traffic Management (UTM)
Page 691 -   PAGE
FIG 11-4-2
Page 692 -   PAGE

Section 5. UAS Pilot Testing, Certification and Responsibilities

Page 693 -   PAGE
11-5-1. UAS Pilot Certification and Requirements for Part 107 and Recreational Flyers
Page 694 -   PAGE
Page 695 -   PAGE
11-5-2. Pilot Certification and Requirements for Public Aircraft Operations (PAOs)
11-5-3. Pilot Certification for 14 CFR Part 135, Part 137, and Large Civil UAS
11-5-4. Foreign Pilot Certification
Page 696 -   PAGE

Section 6. Advanced Air Mobility

Page 697 -   PAGE
11-6-1. General
Page 698 -   PAGE

Section 7. UAS Operations on Airports

Page 699 -   PAGE
11-7-1. UAS Operations on Airports
Page 700 -   PAGE

Section 8. Other Information and Best Practices

Page 701 -   PAGE
11-8-1. Best Practices for UAS Operations
11-8-2. UAS Operations and Air Traffic Control (ATC)
11-8-3. Precautions: Flight Over or Near People, Vehicles, Manned Aircraft, and Night
Page 702 -   PAGE
11-8-4. Accidents and Incidents: UAS Operator Responsibilities
Page 703 -   PAGE
11-8-5. Emergency UAS Authorizations Through Special Government Interest (SGI)
11-8-6. Environmental Best Practices
Page 704 -   PAGE
11-8-7. Resources for UAS Operators

Appendix 1. Bird/Other Wildlife Strike Report

Page 705 -   PAGE
Page 706 -   PAGE

Appendix 2. Volcanic Activity Reporting Form (VAR)

Page 707 -   PAGE
Page 708 -   PAGE

Appendix 3. Abbreviations/Acronyms

Page 709 -   PAGE
Page 710 -   PAGE
Page 711 -   PAGE
Page 712 -   PAGE
Page 713 -   PAGE
Page 714 -   PAGE

Appendix 4. FAA Form 7233-4 - International Flight Plan

Page 715 -   PAGE
Page 716 -   PAGE
Page 717 -   PAGE
Page 718 -   PAGE
Page 719 -   PAGE
Page 720 -   PAGE
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Page 735 -   PAGE
Page 736 -   PAGE
Page 737 -   PAGE
Page 738 -   PAGE

Appendix 5. FAA Form 7233-1 - Flight Plan

Page 739 -   PAGE
Page 740 -   PAGE
Page 741 -   PAGE
Page 742 -   PAGE
Page 743 -   PAGE
PCG-1
Page 744 -   PAGE
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