4/20/23
AIM
NOTE
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Severe icing is aircraft dependent, as are the other categories of icing intensity. Severe icing may occur at any
ice accumulation rate when the icing rate or ice accumulations exceed the tolerance of the aircraft.
EXAMPLE
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Pilot report: give aircraft identification, location, time (UTC), intensity of type, altitude/FL, aircraft type, indicated air
speed (IAS), and outside air temperature (OAT).
NOTE
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1.
Rime ice. Rough, milky, opaque ice formed by the instantaneous freezing of small supercooled water droplets.
2.
C
lear ice. A glossy, clear, or translucent ice formed by the relatively slow freezing of large supercooled water droplets.
3.
T
he OAT should be requested by the FSS or ATC if not included in the PIREP.
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20. Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms
9, Icing Types, and TBL 7
10, Icing Conditions.
TBL 7
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9
Icing Types
Clear Ice
See Glaze Ice.
Glaze Ice
Ice, sometimes clear and smooth, but usually containing some air pockets, which results in a
lumpy translucent appearance. Glaze ice results from supercooled drops/droplets striking a
surface but not freezing rapidly on contact. Glaze ice is denser, harder, and sometimes more
transparent than rime ice. Factors, which favor glaze formation, are those that favor slow
dissipation of the heat of fusion (i.e., slight supercooling and rapid accretion). With larger
accretions, the ice shape typically includes “horns” protruding from unprotected leading edge
surfaces. It is the ice shape, rather than the clarity or color of the ice, which is most likely to
be accurately assessed from the cockpit. The terms “clear” and “glaze” have been used for
essentially the same type of ice accretion, although some reserve “clear” for thinner accretions
which lack horns and conform to the airfoil.
Intercycle Ice
Ice which accumulates on a protected surface between actuation cycles of a deicing system.
Known or Observed or
Detected Ice Accretion
Actual ice observed visually to be on the aircraft by the flight crew or identified by on
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board
sensors.
Mixed Ice
Simultaneous appearance or a combination of rime and glaze ice characteristics. Since the
clarity, color, and shape of the ice will be a mixture of rime and glaze characteristics, accurate
identification of mixed ice from the cockpit may be difficult.
Residual Ice
Ice which remains on a protected surface immediately after the actuation of a deicing system.
Rime Ice
A rough, milky, opaque ice formed by the rapid freezing of supercooled drops/droplets after
they strike the aircraft. The rapid freezing results in air being trapped, giving the ice its opaque
appearance and making it porous and brittle. Rime ice typically accretes along the stagnation
line of an airfoil and is more regular in shape and conformal to the airfoil than glaze ice. It is
the ice shape, rather than the clarity or color of the ice, which is most likely to be accurately
assessed from the cockpit.
Runback Ice
Ice which forms from the freezing or refreezing of water leaving protected surfaces and
running back to unprotected surfaces.
Note
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Ice types are difficult for the pilot to discern and have uncertain effects on an airplane in flight. Ice type definitions will
be included in the AIM for use in the “Remarks” section of the PIREP and for use in forecasting.
Meteorology
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