4/20/23 

AIM 

procedure publication have evolved, GLS will now be used only for GBAS minima, which will be on a separate 

approach chart. Most RNAV(GPS) approach charts have had the GLS minima line replaced by a WAAS LPV 

line of minima. 

(b)  LPV. 

“LPV” is the acronym for localizer performance with vertical guidance. RNAV (GPS) 

approaches to LPV lines of minima take advantage of the improved accuracy of WAAS lateral and vertical 

guidance to provide an approach that is very similar to a Category I Instrument Landing System (ILS). The 

approach to LPV line of minima is designed for angular guidance with increasing sensitivity as the aircraft gets 

closer to the runway. The sensitivities are nearly identical to those of the ILS at similar distances. This was done 

intentionally to allow the skills required to proficiently fly an ILS to readily transfer to flying RNAV (GPS) 

approaches to the LPV line of minima. Just as with an ILS, the LPV has vertical guidance and is flown to a DA. 

Aircraft can fly this minima line with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Manual that the installed equipment 

supports LPV approaches. This includes Class 3 and 4 TSO

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C146 GPS/WAAS equipment. 

(c)  LNAV/VNAV.

 LNAV/VNAV identifies APV minimums developed to accommodate an RNAV IAP 

with vertical guidance, usually provided by approach certified Baro

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VNAV, but with lateral and vertical integrity 

limits larger than a precision approach or LPV. LNAV stands for Lateral Navigation; VNAV stands for Vertical 

Navigation. This minima line can be flown by aircraft with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Manual that the 

installed equipment supports GPS approaches and has an approach

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approved barometric VNAV, or if the aircraft 

has been demonstrated to support LNAV/VNAV approaches. This includes Class 2, 3 and 4 TSO

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C146 

GPS/WAAS equipment. Aircraft using LNAV/VNAV minimums will descend to landing via an internally 

generated descent path based on satellite or other approach approved VNAV systems. Since electronic vertical 

guidance is provided, the minima will be published as a DA. Other navigation systems may be specifically 

authorized to use this line of minima. (See Section A, Terms/Landing Minima Data, of the U.S. Terminal 

Procedures books.) 

(d)  LP. 

“LP” is the acronym for localizer performance. Approaches to LP lines of minima take advantage 

of the improved accuracy of WAAS to provide approaches, with lateral guidance and angular guidance. Angular 

guidance does not refer to a glideslope angle but rather to the increased lateral sensitivity as the aircraft gets closer 

to the runway, similar to localizer approaches. However, the LP line of minima is a Minimum Descent Altitude 

(MDA) rather than a DA (H). Procedures with LP lines of minima will not be published with another approach 

that contains approved vertical guidance (LNAV/VNAV or LPV). It is possible to have LP and LNAV published 

on the same approach chart but LP will only be published if it provides lower minima than an LNAV line of 

minima. LP is not a fail

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down mode for LPV. LP will only be published if terrain, obstructions, or some other 

reason prevent publishing a vertically guided procedure. WAAS avionics may provide GNSS

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based advisory 

vertical guidance during an approach to an LP line of minima. Barometric altimeter information remains the 

primary altitude reference for complying with any altitude restrictions. WAAS equipment may not support LP, 

even if it supports LPV, if it was approved before TSO

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C145b and TSO

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C146b. Receivers approved under 

previous TSOs may require an upgrade by the manufacturer in order to be used to fly to LP minima. Receivers 

approved for LP must have a statement in the approved Flight Manual or Supplemental Flight Manual including 

LP as one of the approved approach types. 

(e)  LNAV. 

This minima is for lateral navigation only, and the approach minimum altitude will be 

published as a minimum descent altitude (MDA). LNAV provides the same level of service as the present GPS 

stand alone approaches. LNAV minimums support the following navigation systems: WAAS, when the 

navigation solution will not support vertical navigation; and, GPS navigation systems which are presently 

authorized to conduct GPS approaches. 

NOTE

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GPS receivers approved for approach operations in accordance with: AC 20

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138, Airworthiness Approval of  Positioning 

and Navigation Systems, qualify for this minima. WAAS navigation equipment must be approved in accordance with the 

requirements specified in TSO

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C145() or TSO

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C146() and installed in accordance with Advisory Circular AC 20

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138. 

2. 

Other systems may be authorized to utilize these approaches. See the description in Section A of the U.S. 

Terminal Procedures books for details. Operational approval must also be obtained for Baro

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VNAV systems to 

Arrival Procedures 

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4

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