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4/20/23 

AIM 

FIG 5

3

Holding Pattern Descriptive Terms 

ABEAM

ABEAM 

HOLDING SIDE

HOLDING SIDE 

OUTBOUND

OUTBOUND 

INBOUND

INBOUND 

END

OUTBOUND

OUTBOUND 

END

FIX END

FIX END 

RECIPROCAL

RECIPROCAL 

FIX

FIX 

NONHOLDING SIDE

NONHOLDING SIDE 

HOLDING

HOLDING 

COURSE

COURSE 

j. 

Holding pattern airspace protection is based on the following procedures. 

1.  Descriptive Terms. 

(a)  Standard Pattern. 

Right turns (See FIG 5

3

3.) 

(b)  Nonstandard Pattern. 

Left turns 

2.  Airspeeds. 

(a) 

All aircraft may hold at the following altitudes and maximum holding airspeeds: 

TBL 5

3

20 

Altitude (MSL) 

Airspeed (KIAS) 

MHA 

 6,000’ 

200 

6,001’ 

 14,000’ 

230 

14,001’ and above 

265 

NOTE

 

These are the maximum indicated air speeds applicable to all holding. 

(b) 

The following are exceptions to the maximum holding airspeeds: 

(1) 

Holding patterns from 6,001’ to 14,000’ may be restricted to a maximum airspeed of 210 KIAS. 

This nonstandard pattern will be depicted by an icon. 

(2) 

Holding patterns may be restricted to a maximum speed. The speed restriction is depicted in 

parenthesis inside the holding pattern on the chart: e.g., (175). The aircraft should be at or below the maximum 

speed prior to initially crossing the holding fix to avoid exiting the protected airspace. Pilots unable to comply 

with the maximum airspeed restriction should notify ATC. 

(3) 

Holding patterns at USAF airfields only 

 310 KIAS maximum, unless otherwise depicted. 

(4) 

Holding patterns at Navy fields only 

 230 KIAS maximum, unless otherwise depicted. 

(5) 

All helicopter/power lift aircraft holding on a “COPTER” instrument procedure is predicated on 

a minimum airspeed of 90 KIAS unless charted otherwise. 

(6) 

When a climb

in hold is specified by a published procedure (for example, “Climb

in holding 

pattern to depart XYZ VORTAC at or above 10,000.” or “All aircraft climb

in TRUCK holding pattern to cross 

TRUCK Int at or above 11,500 before proceeding on course.”), additional obstacle protection area has been 

provided to allow for greater airspeeds in the climb for those aircraft requiring them. A maximum airspeed of 

En Route Procedures 

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3

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