7-3-5. Cold Temperature Airport Procedures 7-3-6. Examples for Calculating Altitude Corrections on CTAs . 7-3-3 7-3-6 Section 4. Wake Turbulence 7-4-1. General 7-4-2. Vortex Generation 7-4-3. Vortex Strength . 7-4-4. Vortex Behavior . 7-4-5. Operations Problem Areas 7-4-6. Vortex Avoidance Procedures . 7-4-7. Helicopters . 7-4-8. Pilot Responsibility 7-4-9. Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations 7-4-10. Development and New Capabilities . 7-4-1 7-4-1 7-4-1 7-4-2 7-4-5 7-4-6 7-4-6 7-4-7 7-4-8 7-4-9 Section 5. Bird Hazards and Flight Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests 7-5-1. Migratory Bird Activity 7-5-2. Reducing Bird Strike Risks . 7-5-3. Reporting Bird Strikes . 7-5-4. Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities 7-5-5. Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards 7-5-6. Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas . 7-5-1 7-5-1 7-5-1 7-5-1 7-5-2 7-5-2 Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards 7-6-1. Accident Cause Factors 7-6-2. Reporting Radio/Radar Altimeter Anomalies 7-6-3. VFR in Congested Areas . 7-6-4. Obstructions To Flight . 7-6-5. Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons 7-6-6. Unmanned Aircraft Systems 7-6-7. Mountain Flying 7-6-8. Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports 7-6-9. Seaplane Safety . 7-6-10. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash 7-6-11. Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft . 7-6-12. Precipitation Static . 7-6-13. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser) Operations and Reporting Illumination of Aircraft 7-6-14. Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions 7-6-15. Operations in Ground Icing Conditions 7-6-16. Avoid Flight in the Vicinity of Exhaust Plumes (Smoke Stacks and Cooling Towers) 7-6-17. Space Launch and Reentry Area 7-6-1 7-6-1 7-6-2 7-6-2 7-6-3 7-6-3 7-6-4 7-6-6 7-6-7 7-6-9 7-6-10 7-6-10 7-6-11 7-6-12 7-6-15 7-6-16 7-6-17 Section 7. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports 7-7-1. Aviation Safety Reporting Program 7-7-2. Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting . 7-7-3. Near Midair Collision Reporting 7-7-1 7-7-1 7-7-3 Table of Contents