5. (Wind direction) 220 wind two two zero

4-2-11. Speeds
The separate digits of the speed followed by the word "KNOTS." Except, controllers may omit the word
"KNOTS" when using speed adjustment procedures; e.g., "REDUCE/INCREASE SPEED TO TWO FIVE
ZERO."
EXAMPLE-
(Speed) 250 . two five zero knots
(Speed) 190 . one niner zero knots

The separate digits of the Mach Number preceded by "Mach."
EXAMPLE-
(Mach number) 1.5 Mach one point five
(Mach number) 0.64 . Mach point six four
(Mach number) 0.7 Mach point seven

4-2-12. Time
a. FAA uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for all operations. The word "local" or the time zone
equivalent must be used to denote local when local time is given during radio and telephone communications.
The term "Zulu" may be used to denote UTC.
EXAMPLE-
0920 UTC . zero niner two zero,
zero one two zero pacific or local,
or one twenty AM

b. To convert from Standard Time to Coordinated Universal Time:
TBL 4-2-3

Standard Time to Coordinated Universal Time
Eastern Standard Time .
Central Standard Time .
Mountain Standard Time .
Pacific Standard Time .
Alaska Standard Time .
Hawaii Standard Time .

Add 5 hours
Add 6 hours
Add 7 hours
Add 8 hours
Add 9 hours
Add 10 hours

NOTE-
For daylight time, subtract 1 hour.

c. A reference may be made to local daylight or standard time utilizing the 24-hour clock system. The hour
is indicated by the first two figures and the minutes by the last two figures.
EXAMPLE-
0000 . zero zero zero zero
0920 . zero niner two zero

d. Time may be stated in minutes only (two figures) in radiotelephone communications when no
misunderstanding is likely to occur.
e. Current time in use at a station is stated in the nearest quarter minute in order that pilots may use this
information for time checks. Fractions of a quarter minute less than 8 seconds are stated as the preceding quarter
minute; fractions of a quarter minute of 8 seconds or more are stated as the succeeding quarter minute.
EXAMPLE-
0929:05 time, zero niner two niner
0929:10 time, zero niner two niner and one-quarter

4-2-8

Radio Communications Phraseology