aim-423

AIM

4/20/23

−

Arrival Procedures

TBL 5

−

RVR Value Conversions

RVR

Visibility

(statute miles)

1600

2400

3200

4000

4500

5000

6000

Circling approach protected areas are defined by the tangential connection of arcs drawn from each

runway end (see FIG 5

−

27). Circling approach protected areas developed prior to late 2012 used fixed radius

distances, dependent on aircraft approach category, as shown in the table on page B2 of the U.S. TPP. The
approaches using standard circling approach areas can be identified by the absence of the “negative C” symbol
on the circling line of minima. Circling approach protected areas developed after late 2012 use the radius distance
shown in the table on page B2 of the U.S. TPP, dependent on aircraft approach category, and the altitude of the
circling MDA, which accounts for true airspeed increase with altitude. The approaches using expanded circling
approach areas can be identified by the presence of the “negative C” symbol on the circling line of minima (see
FIG 5

−

28). Because of obstacles near the airport, a portion of the circling area may be restricted by a

procedural note; for example, “Circling NA E of RWY 17

−

35.” Obstacle clearance is provided at the published

minimums (MDA) for the pilot who makes a straight

−

in approach, side

−

steps, or circles. Once below the MDA

the pilot must see and avoid obstacles. Executing the missed approach after starting to maneuver usually places
the aircraft beyond the MAP. The aircraft is clear of obstacles when at or above the MDA while inside the circling
area, but simply joining the missed approach ground track from the circling maneuver may not provide vertical
obstacle clearance once the aircraft exits the circling area. Additional climb inside the circling area may be
required before joining the missed approach track. See paragraph 5

−

21, Missed Approach, for additional

considerations when starting a missed approach at other than the MAP.

FIG 5

−

Final Approach Obstacle Clearance