Table of Contents Chapter 1. Air Navigation Section 1. Navigation Aids 1-1-1. General 1-1-2. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB) 1-1-3. VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR) . 1-1-4. VOR Receiver Check 1-1-5. Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) 1-1-6. VHF Omni-directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC) . 1-1-7. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) 1-1-8. NAVAID Service Volumes 1-1-9. Instrument Landing System (ILS) 1-1-10. Simplified Directional Facility (SDF) 1-1-11. NAVAID Identifier Removal During Maintenance 1-1-12. NAVAIDs with Voice . 1-1-13. User Reports Requested on NAVAID Outages 1-1-14. LORAN 1-1-15. Inertial Reference Unit (IRU), Inertial Navigation System (INS), and Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) 1-1-16. Doppler Radar . 1-1-17. Global Positioning System (GPS) . 1-1-18. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) . 1-1-19. Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Landing System (GLS) 1-1-20. Precision Approach Systems other than ILS and GLS 1-1-1 1-1-1 1-1-1 1-1-3 1-1-4 1-1-5 1-1-5 1-1-6 1-1-11 1-1-18 1-1-20 1-1-20 1-1-20 1-1-21 1-1-21 1-1-22 1-1-22 1-1-34 1-1-39 1-1-40 Section 2. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) and Area Navigation (RNAV) 1-2-1. General 1-2-2. Required Navigation Performance (RNP) . 1-2-3. Use of Suitable Area Navigation (RNAV) Systems on Conventional Procedures and Routes 1-2-4. Recognizing, Mitigating and Adapting to GPS Interference (Jamming or Spoofing) 1-2-1 1-2-5 1-2-8 1-2-10 Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids Section 1. Airport Lighting Aids 2-1-1. Approach Light Systems (ALS) 2-1-2. Visual Glideslope Indicators 2-1-3. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) 2-1-4. Runway Edge Light Systems 2-1-5. In-runway Lighting . 2-1-6. Runway Status Light (RWSL) System . 2-1-7. Control of Lighting Systems . 2-1-8. Pilot Control of Airport Lighting Table of Contents 2-1-1 2-1-1 2-1-6 2-1-6 2-1-6 2-1-7 2-1-9 2-1-9